Update Triggers (Deviation / Time)

│ new_aggregated_price - current_onchain_price │
────────────────────────────────────────────── > deviation_threshold
           current_onchain_price

block.timestamp - last_update_time > heartbeat_interval

Every aggregation round:

  Is │ new_price - onchain_price │ / onchain_price > deviation_threshold?
  │
  ├── YES → Submit update immediately
  │
  └── NO  → Has heartbeat_interval elapsed since last update?
              │
              ├── YES → Submit update (heartbeat)
              │
              └── NO  → No update needed this round

Rule of thumb:

  MAX_PRICE_AGE  ≥  heartbeat_interval × 1.5

For USDT/USD (1hr heartbeat):  MAX_PRICE_AGE ≥ 90 minutes
For CNGN/USD (2hr heartbeat):  MAX_PRICE_AGE ≥ 3 hours

const { ethers } = require("ethers");

const ORACLE_ADDRESS = "0xA9F17344689C2c2328F94464998db1d3e35B80dC";
const provider = new ethers.JsonRpcProvider("https://mainnet.base.org");

const oracle = new ethers.Contract(ORACLE_ADDRESS, [
  "event PriceUpdated(bytes32 indexed assetId, int256 price, int8 decimal, uint64 timestamp)"
], provider);

const CNGN_ASSET_ID =
  "0x83a18c73cf75a028a24b79cbedb3b8d8ba363b748a3210ddbcaa95eec3b87b3a";

async function getUpdateCadence(assetId, lookbackBlocks = 10000) {
  const currentBlock = await provider.getBlockNumber();

  const events = await oracle.queryFilter(
    oracle.filters.PriceUpdated(assetId),
    currentBlock - lookbackBlocks,
    currentBlock
  );

  if (events.length < 2) {
    console.log("Insufficient events for cadence analysis");
    return;
  }

  const intervals = [];
  for (let i = 1; i < events.length; i++) {
    const delta = Number(events[i].args.timestamp) -
                  Number(events[i - 1].args.timestamp);
    intervals.push(delta);
  }

  const avg = intervals.reduce((a, b) => a + b, 0) / intervals.length;
  const max = Math.max(...intervals);
  const min = Math.min(...intervals);

  console.log(`Update cadence for asset over last ${lookbackBlocks} blocks:`);
  console.log(`  Average interval:  ${Math.round(avg)}s (${(avg/60).toFixed(1)} min)`);
  console.log(`  Longest interval:  ${max}s (${(max/60).toFixed(1)} min)`);
  console.log(`  Shortest interval: ${min}s (${(min/60).toFixed(1)} min)`);
  console.log(`  Total updates:     ${events.length}`);
  console.log(`\nRecommended MAX_PRICE_AGE: ${Math.round(max * 1.5)}s`);
}

getUpdateCadence(CNGN_ASSET_ID);

Scenario:
  On-chain price:           1.000000
  Last aggregation result:  1.000080  (no update triggered — below threshold)
  Current aggregation:      1.001200  (deviation from on-chain = 0.12%)

  0.12% > 0.10% threshold → Update submitted

  New on-chain price: 1.001200

On-chain price:   0.995000  (already 0.5% off peg — submitted earlier)
New aggregation:  0.996000  (moved +0.10% from on-chain value)

Deviation from on-chain: 0.10% → triggers update if threshold is 0.10%
Deviation from peg:      0.40% → would trigger a peg circuit breaker

Example: USDT/USD heartbeat = 3,600 seconds

Observed submission times:
  Round N:    T + 0s
  Round N+1:  T + 3,587s  (13 seconds early — gas was cheap)
  Round N+2:  T + 3,624s  (24 seconds late — minor congestion)
  Round N+3:  T + 3,601s  (1 second late — normal)

Recommendation: Set MAX_PRICE_AGE to 5,400s (90 minutes) for USDT/USD
                to comfortably accommodate this jitter.

// Monitoring logic informed by trigger model
const THRESHOLDS = {
  "USDT/USD": { deviation: 0.001, heartbeat: 3600 },
  "USDC/USD": { deviation: 0.001, heartbeat: 3600 },
  "CNGN/USD": { deviation: 0.003, heartbeat: 7200 },
  "ZARP/USD": { deviation: 0.003, heartbeat: 7200 },
  "BRZ/USD":  { deviation: 0.003, heartbeat: 7200 },
  "ETH/USD":  { deviation: 0.005, heartbeat: 3600 },
};

function shouldAlert(asset, ageSeconds, priceChange) {
  const config = THRESHOLDS[asset];
  if (!config) return false;

  // Alert if age exceeds heartbeat + 20% buffer
  if (ageSeconds > config.heartbeat * 1.2) {
    return `STALE: ${asset} not updated in ${ageSeconds}s (heartbeat: ${config.heartbeat}s)`;
  }

  // Alert if price moved but update hasn't arrived yet
  if (Math.abs(priceChange) > config.deviation && ageSeconds > 300) {
    return `DELAYED: ${asset} moved ${(priceChange * 100).toFixed(3)}% but no update in ${ageSeconds}s`;
  }

  return null;
}